The word is given a number of meanings in the Qur'an. The word Islam is a verbal noun originating from the triliteral root s-l-m, and is derived from the Arabic verb Aslama, which means "to accept, surrender or submit." Thus, Islam means acceptance of and submission to God, and believers must demonstrate this by worshipping him, following his commands, and avoiding polytheism. O 4.4 Turkish, Iranian and Indian empires (1030–1918) O 4.3 Crusades, Reconquista and Mongol invasion O 4.1 Rise of the caliphate and Islamic civil war (632–750) Of the total world Muslim population, about 20% live in the Arab countries (where Muslims comprise majority populations, with Christian and other religious minorities of differing sizes by country), 30% in the countries of the Indian subcontinent, and 15.6% in Indonesia alone, which is the largest Muslim country in absolute numbers. There are also large Muslim immigrant communities in other parts of the world, such as Western Europe. Large communities are also found in China, the Balkan Peninsula in Eastern Europe and Russia. Islam is the predominant religion in much of Africa and the Middle East, as well as in major parts of Asia. The schism developed in the late 7th century following disagreements over the religious and political leadership of the Muslim community. Almost all Muslims belong to one of two major denominations, the Sunni (85%) and Shi'a (15%). This tradition encompasses everything from practical matters like dietary laws and banking to warfare and welfare. In addition to the Five Pillars, Islamic law (sharia) has developed a tradition of rulings that touch on virtually all aspects of life and society. Adherents are generally required to observe the Five Pillars of Islam, which are five duties that unite Muslims into a community. Islamic tradition holds that Jews and Christians distorted the revelations God gave to these prophets by either altering the text, introducing a false interpretation, or both. They do not regard Muhammad as the founder of a new religion, but as the restorer of the original monotheistic faith of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Muslims believe that God revealed the Qur'an to Muhammad, God's final prophet, through the angel Gabriel, and regard the Qur'an and the Sunnah (words and deeds of Muhammad) as the fundamental sources of Islam. With 1.3 billion to 1.8 billion Muslims, Islam is the second-largest religion in the world and the fastest growing religion in the world. The word Muslim is the participle of the same verb of which Islām is the infinitive. An adherent of Islam is known as a Muslim, meaning "one who submits ". Other meanings include submission, or the total surrender of oneself to God (Arabic: الله, Allāh) (see Islam (term)). The word Islam is a homograph having multiple meanings and a triliteral of the word salam, which directly translates as peace. Islam (Arabic: الإسلام al-’islām, pronounced ( listen)) is a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the teachings contained in a religious book, the Qur'an, considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of Allah (the sole divine entity in Islam) as revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure and his personally demonstrated examples throughout his lifetime (collected through narration of his companions in the volumes of Hadith) for implementing them. For other meanings, including people named 'Islam', see Islam (disambiguation).
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